Testing Methods - Overview of white-box testing

Testing Methods  

Software testing methods are conducted by testers with the aim of ensuring that all features of the system operate correctly according to the requirements of the customer or end users. There are three basic software testing methods: white-box testing, black-box testing, and gray-box testing.


Overview of white-box testing

What is the white-box testing?

White-box testing, also known as clear-box testing, glass-box testing, or structural testing, is a software testing technique where the internal workings of an application's code are examined. In this method, testers have access to the source code and use their understanding of its logic to design test cases. The goal is to ensure that all paths and conditions within the code are tested thoroughly, helping to uncover any hidden bugs or vulnerabilities.

Types of white-box testing

Types of white-box testing include:

  • Statement Coverage Testing: Checks each line of source code to ensure that all lines have been executed at least once during the testing process.
  • Decision Coverage Testing: Examines each decision condition (if, else, switch) in the source code to ensure that all conditions have been tested both true and false.
  • Path Coverage Testing: Examines all execution paths in the source code, including all possible control flows within the program.
  • Condition/Path Coverage Testing: Combines condition testing and path testing to ensure that all decision conditions and all execution paths have been tested.
  • Boundary Coverage Testing: Tests boundary and near-boundary values of input data to check the stability of the software at the value boundaries.

These are some common types of white-box testing used to ensure that software source code operates accurately and fully.

Advantages and disadvantages of white-box testing

Advantages: 

  •  Thorough Testing: White-box testing allows testers to thoroughly examine the internal logic of the software, ensuring all code paths are tested. This can lead to higher test coverage.
  •  Early Detection of Defects: Since white-box testing involves testing at the code level, it can help detect defects early in the development process, making them easier and cheaper to fix. 
  •  Effective in Complex Systems: White-box testing is particularly effective in testing complex systems where understanding the internal logic is essential for effective testing. 
  •  Improved Code Quality: By uncovering hidden bugs and vulnerabilities, white-box testing helps improve the overall quality and reliability of the codebase. 

 Disadvantages: 

  •  Expertise Required: White-box testing requires a deep understanding of the internal workings of the software, which means testers need specialized skills and knowledge. 
  •  Time-Consuming: Writing white-box test cases can be time-consuming, especially for large and complex systems. Testers need to analyze the codebase thoroughly to identify all possible paths and conditions. 
  •  Code Dependency: White-box testing is highly dependent on the code implementation. Any changes to the codebase may require corresponding changes to the test cases, leading to maintenance overhead. 
  •  Limited Coverage: Despite its thoroughness, white-box testing may still miss certain defects, especially those related to external dependencies or integration issues that cannot be captured at the code level.

Hau.Vo
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Source: istqb.org

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